Environmental Issues
Somalia is among the small number of countries which absolutely suffer from contamination of fields of pollution. In fact, there is a big size of the problems facing the Somali’s environment as a whole, deforestation and waste disposal especially. The 1990s are already been called the gray decade, in Somalia, by the large amount of air pollution and radioactivity caused by human dead bodies which are approximately one million, and two million of animal dead bodies. Most of the bodies were not buried or carelessly buried. As a result of this, a numerous severe diseases broke out of the area, and many people and animals died as the consequence.
Human rights Record
Registration of Somali refugees in Kenya has abruptly stopped since 2011. Many who should qualify for refugee status have been prevented from obtaining papers. Without these they could be returned to Somalia, where they will be at risk of violation of their human rights.
Thousands of unregistered Somalian refugees and asylum-seekers are in an impossible situation: they face arrest and deportation because they are not registered, but it is extremely difficult for them to register.
The Kenyan government is punishing refugees and asylum-seekers for being in a legal limbo that it has created, while showing no consideration for their human rights
Somalian refugees have faced intimidation, beatings and unlawful detention at the hands of security forces conducting house-to-house searches.
Even people with valid papers have also been arbitrarily detained, threatened and mistreated.
The Kenyan government has been carrying out a large-scale anti-terror operation called Rudisha Usalama (“restore peace”) since just April 2nd, 2014 and have arrested more than 4,000 people throughout the country.. Such blanket arrests are discriminatory and arbitrary.
The government crackdown on refugees has escalated since a directive was issued ordering all refugees to move to run-down and overcrowded camps in northern Kenya.
Widespread intimidation and lack of respect for human rights are forcing Somali refugees out of Kenya.
Thousands of unregistered Somalian refugees and asylum-seekers are in an impossible situation: they face arrest and deportation because they are not registered, but it is extremely difficult for them to register.
The Kenyan government is punishing refugees and asylum-seekers for being in a legal limbo that it has created, while showing no consideration for their human rights
Somalian refugees have faced intimidation, beatings and unlawful detention at the hands of security forces conducting house-to-house searches.
Even people with valid papers have also been arbitrarily detained, threatened and mistreated.
The Kenyan government has been carrying out a large-scale anti-terror operation called Rudisha Usalama (“restore peace”) since just April 2nd, 2014 and have arrested more than 4,000 people throughout the country.. Such blanket arrests are discriminatory and arbitrary.
The government crackdown on refugees has escalated since a directive was issued ordering all refugees to move to run-down and overcrowded camps in northern Kenya.
Widespread intimidation and lack of respect for human rights are forcing Somali refugees out of Kenya.
Civil War and Landmine Prevalence
The Somali Civil War is an ongoing civil war taking place in Somalia
Somalia was without a formal parliament for more than two decades after the overthrow of President Siad Barre in 1991. It was not until 2012, when a new government was installed, that the country began to enjoy an inkling of stability once more.
The decades of fighting between rival warlords and tyrants meant that the country was unprepared to deal with natural disasters such as drought, and almost half a million people died in the Somali famines of 1992 and 2010-12.
Those three factors; drought, civil war and anarchy have all hindered Somalia’s rate of development.
In Somalia grazing land and water sources have been badly hit. The mining of roads made inflation shoot up.
Somalia, unlike Nepal, has committed to destroy its stockpile of landmines over the next four years and de-mine the country within a decade. This is a historical moment for the people of Somalia, bringing hope that the country will move along in development.
Somalia was without a formal parliament for more than two decades after the overthrow of President Siad Barre in 1991. It was not until 2012, when a new government was installed, that the country began to enjoy an inkling of stability once more.
The decades of fighting between rival warlords and tyrants meant that the country was unprepared to deal with natural disasters such as drought, and almost half a million people died in the Somali famines of 1992 and 2010-12.
Those three factors; drought, civil war and anarchy have all hindered Somalia’s rate of development.
In Somalia grazing land and water sources have been badly hit. The mining of roads made inflation shoot up.
Somalia, unlike Nepal, has committed to destroy its stockpile of landmines over the next four years and de-mine the country within a decade. This is a historical moment for the people of Somalia, bringing hope that the country will move along in development.
Water Use
Water resources in Somalia are dominated by surface water.Total water withdrawal is estimated at 3.298 km3/year (2003), of which agriculture (irrigation and livestock) accounts for 99.5 percent. In the rural areas municipal water supply is derived from surface dams, boreholes, shallow wells and springs, often distributed by donkey carts to households. During the dry season groundwater is the main supply for municipal and livestock use and is only supplemented by surface water when and where it is available.
Agricultural water abstractions are mainly limited to partially controlled irrigation schemes in the river basins. Of the abstractions for agriculture, livestock accounts for around 0.03 km3/year. Under the present conditions, surface water withdrawal amounts to around 96 percent and groundwater withdrawal to 4 percent of the total water withdrawal. In the dry season, as the water resources become scarce, competition between the resources is high and groundwater supplies are often severely stressed.
Agricultural water abstractions are mainly limited to partially controlled irrigation schemes in the river basins. Of the abstractions for agriculture, livestock accounts for around 0.03 km3/year. Under the present conditions, surface water withdrawal amounts to around 96 percent and groundwater withdrawal to 4 percent of the total water withdrawal. In the dry season, as the water resources become scarce, competition between the resources is high and groundwater supplies are often severely stressed.